RESEARCH – Cabaret

RESEARCH Shows 1, 2 & 3 only

• Find out as much information as you can about the show you have been cast in and about the author (s) / composer (s) lyricist (s). This might include looking at reviews from other performances, YouTube clips, films, books etc. It might include looking at other examples of their work. Why will carrying out this research help you with your own performance?

‘Cabaret’, set in the time period of 1930-31 and written in 1966, is a musical written by Joe Masteroff, John Kander and Fred Ebb based off based on a play by John Van Druten in 1951 called ‘I Am a Camera’, However, the original basis, which ‘I Am a Camera’ developed from was a book by Christopher Isherwood (Goodbye To Berlin), written in the earlier time of 1939, the earliest year of the Second World War (WIKIPEDIA 2019)

Joe Masteroff: (WIKIPEDIA 2019)

The American Playwright was born on December 11th 1919, living for a total of 99 years and passing away in late September last year, 28th. Masteroff was born in a state in the north-eastern US,  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and continued his living here as he proceeded to study and work at Temple University (located here: 1801 N Broad St, Philadelphia 19122). When graduating from his studies, in the late 1930’s he worked and served for the United States Air Force, working throughout the Second World War. His pathway soon diverted from this as 10 years later in 1949 he began to study further with the ‘American Theatre Wing’ later making his debut in The Prescott Proposals in 1953, Broadway. Alongside the writing of Cabaret, in 1963 he wrote the book  ‘She Loves Me’ for the Sheldon Harnick-Jerry Bock musical, in which is a euphoric romantic comedy with a soaring score.

The original foundations for the musical of ‘Cabaret’, ‘I Am a Camera’ and ‘Goodbye To Berlin’, were rights gained by ‘Hal Prince’, an American theatrical producer. He discarded any adaptions already made and wanted Masteroff to make these creations himself.

Following on his ‘Cabaret’ success, he was the Playwriter for ’70 Girls 70, another collaboration with Kander & Ebb. The show was based upon a ‘group of larcenous old folks who steal furs from various New York City stores with the intent of using the proceeds from their resale to buy their Upper West Side retirement hotel, the New Sussex Arms, which is slated to be sold to developers’. He also had major contributions to the Liberetto of  Eugene O’Neill’s Desire Under the Elms, wrote both the lyrics and book for the 1992 musical ‘Six Wives’, later working with the Old Globe Theatre in the very late 1990’s.

John Kander & Fred Ebb: (ALL MUSIC 2019)

The composer of Cabaret, John Kander was a part of one of the longest standing and successful partnerships within the musical theatre industry, specifically on Broadway. The writer born in 1927, March 18th in Kansas had grown up surrounding himself by music and musical theatre atmosphere. Growing up in Kansas, John began to study music at the age of 23 with second square and soon grew in success. Five years later, he began to serve as a choral director and conductor, specifically working for the company of  ‘Rhode Island’s Warwick Musical Theatre’. Continuing on, his career continued to grow in a positive direction as he arranged the dance music for Gypsy and Irma la Douce, this made his Broadway composing debut as an artist. Further on that year, he met his collaborative partner from ‘Cabaret’. The pair composed many songs, sang and recorded by other various artists.

The writer (lyricist) for Cabaret was born a year later than his creative partner in 1928, April 8th in New York City. Starting out in the musical theatre industry, began his career writing for nightclub acts and revues, as well as working with comedic television. Additionally, his first stage production of  ‘Morning Sun’, staying for only 8 performances in the early 1960’s. However, from his meeting with Kander and firsts works together, the duo’s career and collaborations excelled. The lyricist sadly passed away in the early 2000’s on September 11th, due to a heart attack in 2004.

The pair were both born into a Jewish family. Fred Ebb was born in Manhattan, with parents Anna Evelyn and Harry Ebb. He had two sisters, Norma and Estelle. Kander was born in Kansas to the family of a Jewish background. This can all imply that their ‘Cabaret’ work and anything related to the 1930’s or Germany may have a personal and intimate background. This shows that their will be truths and personal feelings beneath any work and words, everything may have links to a deeper and possible meaning.

Collaborations by Kander & Ebb: (WIKIPEDIA 2013)

• 70, Girls, 70
• The Act (musical)
• All About Us (musical)
• And the World Goes ‘Round
• Cabaret (musical)
• Chicago (musical)
• Curtains (musical)
•  Flora the Red Menace
• The Happy Time (musical)
• Kiss of the Spider Woman (musical)
• The Rink (musical)
• The Scottsboro Boys (musical)
• Steel Pier (musical)
• The Visit (musical)
• Woman of the Year (musical)
• Zorba (musical)

Awards and nominations in relation to ‘Cabaret’ the musical: (IMDb 2019)

1973	Nominee Golden Globe	Best Original Song – Motion Picture	Cabaret (1972)		Shared with: John Kander (music) Song: “Mein Herr”
		Best Original Song – Motion Picture	Cabaret (1972)		Shared with: John Kander (music) Song: “Money, Money”

John Van Druten: (WIKIPEDIA 2018)

The English Playwright and Theatre Director, born in the early 1900’s, 1901 and ending his career and path in December 1957. The son born to a into a family of a Dutch background had his education at ‘University College School’, then continued to work in law related subjects at the ‘University Of London’. This was his pathway before his further studies as a writer, he spent a lot of dedicated time in Wales. He made himself as one of the most successful playwrights in the 1930’s, having a contribution in Diversion (1928), After All (1929), London Wall (1931), There’s Always Juliet (1931), Somebody Knows (1932), Behold, We Live (1932), The Distaff Side (1933), and Flowers of the Forest (1934).

Continuing his career, Van Druten decided to emigrate to the USA. The plays in which were written here are Leave Her to Heaven (February 1940), The Voice of the Turtle (1943) and Make Way for Lucia (1948).

In the late 1930s he had a desirable relationship with Carter Lodge (died 1995). His partner was the manager of the AJC Ranch that was a shared partnership with Van Druten. When the relationship came to an end, Lodge continued to live on the ranch with his new partner, Dick Foote.

Van Druten passing away in 1957 meant that he had officially left the ‘property of the ranch to Lodge and also the rights in his work, including “I Am a Camera”, which entitled Lodge to earn a percentage from the movie ‘Cabaret’.

Christopher Isherwood: (WIKIPEDIA 2019, ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA 2019)

 ‘Christopher Isherwood, byname of Christopher William Bradshaw-Isherwood’, was born in England on born August 26 in 1904, his life came to a close in the USA (January 4, 1986, Santa Monica, California). His most famous novels were based on Berlin and set in Germany.

The occurrence of The Second World War meant that the readers of Isherwood’s content were seeing changes within his style of writing. Additionally, he changed his occupation for living in 1939, when he decided to settle down in the USA.

His most well known content are what have evolved from stories within Berlin and the War. These works are what set out the basis for the work of ‘I Am A Camera’, leading into the making of ‘Cabaret’ the Musical. His book ‘Goodbye to Berlin’, in relation to his life and background was a major contributing factor to the creation of the musical.

Works related to any subjects within ‘Cabaret’, The Musical.

• The Memorial (1932)
• Sally Bowles (1937; later included in Goodbye to Berlin)
• On the Frontier (1938, with W. H. Auden)
• Goodbye to Berlin (1939)
• Journey to a War (1939, with W. H. Auden)
• Prater Violet (1945)
• The Berlin Stories (1945; contains Mr Norris Changes Trains and Goodbye to Berlin; reissued as The Berlin of Sally Bowles, 1975)

‘I Am A Camera:’ (WIKIPEDIA 2019)

1955 OFFICIAL TRAILOR OF THE FILM ADAPTION FROM THE ORIGIONAL PLAY IN 1951

The plot of the 1955 performance, in my own adapted words:

(WIKIPEDIA April 2019)

Set in London, Christopher Isherwood attends a party in a celebratory form of a memoir, surprised and shocked he realises that the author of this is ‘Sally Bowles’. This then encourages a flashback to Berlin, New Years Eve 1931. Due to his frustrations, revolving around the lack of progress within his writing, he decided to spend the night in to soon be encouraged to act in the opposite way. His encouragement for this, Fritz, sees ‘Sally Bowles’ performing and hopes to live of her financial earnings in the future. Sally’s Fiancé Pierre takes Sally’s money whilst giving her false hope of their future together. The character Chris, who empathises with Sally  brings her back to his place of living. This leads to him moving to a smaller room so that Sally can make herself comfortable in his past living space. Whilst they continue to live in this format, Chris wants to attempt more than a friendship with Sally, she is resistant against this as she wants to keep their friendship on a happy and healthy level.

They carried on from where they were in the spring season as they reconvene whilst at a Café, sharing champagne cocktails. Sally spends and orders way more than the couple can afford. However, they easily find a solution when a  wealthy American socialite Clive Mortimer, who pays their bill and takes them on a tour of Berlin. The three soon make connections and plan a spontaneous trip to Honolulu. However, the trip does not happen due to changed plans. Chris and Sally have an awful disagreement, leaving a drift between the pair and a plan for Sally to leave.

Due to Chris’ feelings of a better and healthier relationship between the pair, he starts a street altercation with a group of Nazis. He soon comes home to find that Sally has departed because of a pregnancy. Chris decides to suddenly propose to Sally, but she declines.

Writing up an account of his Nazi altercation, Chris decides to sell his “Portrait of Berlin”, However, this is sold to an American magazine, he does this to raise the money for Sally’s needed abortion. Due to liking Chris’ persona, the editor hires Chris to write a series of portraits, hoping to leave the next day. Sally has changed her mind by the time Chris is home, planning to hold the baby and to peruse a marriage with Chris. Due to Sally’s wrong calculations, she discovers and tells Chris that she is not actually pregnant and intends to leave to move to Paris to work on a film.

Taking it back to what is happening in London, Chris and Sally reunite and Sally is leave without money and a home, leaving Chris to want to invite her to a room.

Fritz is currently trying to secure the affections of Natalia Lindauer, who is a very wealthy department store worker. She fails to respond to Fritz’s charms and is suggested by Sally to ‘pounce, i. e., make a sexual advance’. This was unsuccessful and the Jewish department store worker refuses to have anymore contact in the end. Fritz confesses to Christopher that he is Jewish, something that he has been hiding from everyone for years but vows to stop lying about his heritage. The story comes to a close with Fritz and Natalia’s speech to Chris and Sally that they plan to marry and move over to Switzerland.

The play written in 1951 by John Van Druten, adapted from the novel of ‘Goodbye To Berlin’, by Christopher Isherwood is a play focusing on ‘The Berlin Stories’

The original Broadway castings were the following:

• Christopher Isherwood – William Prince
• Fraulein Schneider – Olga Fabian
• Fritz Wendel – Martin Brooks
• Sally Bowles – Julie Harris
• Natalia Landauer – Marian Winters
• Clive Mortimer – Edward Andrews
• Mrs. Watson-Courtneidge – Catherine Willard

This version, produced in 1951, has been adapted many times to recreate the original performance which was first opened in New York City at the Empire Theatre at the end of November in 1951, 28th. It ran for a successful 214 performances and came to a close on July 12th the following year. The performance was very successful for most of the cast, leaving few of the performers to be able to claim or receive recognition for their work. The character presenting herself as Sally Bowles won both a Tony Award and Theatre World Award.

•  I Am a Camera (1955) – screenplay by John Collier, music by Malcolm Arnold, starring Julie Harris, Laurence Harvey, and Shelley Winters.
• Broadway Musical – Cabaret (1966) – directed by Hal Prince, book by Joe Masteroff, music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb, starring Jill Haworth, Bert Convy, Lotte Lenya, Jack Gilford, and Joel Grey.
• Film Musical –Cabaret (1972) – directed by Bob Fosse, music by John Kander, lyrics by Fred Ebb, starring Liza Minnelli, Joel Grey, and Michael York.

Reviews of ‘I Am A Camera’, including adaptions: (GOOD READS 2016-19, READER 2019)

• ‘In the words of the Herald-Tribune, the play “looks at life in a tawdry Berlin rooming house of 1930 with a stringently photographic eye. For the most part, it concerns itself with the mercurial and irresponsible moods of a girl called Sally Bowles’
• ‘I Am A Camera” by John Van Druten is a lovely adaptation of Christopher Isherwood’s short story, “Sally Bowles’.
• ‘The play that was made of Isherwood’s “Berlin Diaries” and was later transmografied into Cabaret. Nothing new if you read the book’.
• ‘In “I Am a Camera,” we see the midpoint of evolution for the fictional character of Sally Bowles’.
• Van Druten’s sprawling script still supplies life enough for any stage.

 

 

 

 

‘Goodbye To Berlin’: (WIKIPEDIA 2019)

The 1939 novel by Christopher Isherwood was set in pre-Nazi Germany, before the Nazi’s took power of the country and formed a dictatorship. Isherwood focuses purely on his experiences and accounts throughout the 1930’s and speaks through the people he met and how he occurred with them. Set in Weimar Germany, the book is often produced and published with ‘Mr Norris Changes Trains’ in a collection called The Berlin Stories. The book, first published in 1939, highlights and particularly looks at those who would have faced large problems and were highly intimidated by the political party.

“I can be like a camera, says Christopher Isherwood, as he wanders through 1930s Berlin and envisages a book about it. My voice is the lens. I’m just an observer, no part to play. Tina Pepler, dramatizing this new version, thus had her work cut out in bringing to life a city at a tumultuous point in its history, seen through a flaneur’s detached perspective” (THE GUARDIAN 2019)

The plot of the 1939 novel ‘Goodbye To Berlin in my own adapted words: (SUPER SUMMARY 2019)

Throughout the course of the novel each chapter is related to one another and links to the most previous written/read. It presents the author moving to Germany to begin the writing process of his next novel. Firstly we come across the character Frl. Schroeder who is a very comical and older Land Lady as well as the other residents who are renting rooms/apartments in her accommodation. As we learn more about Frl. Schroeder, we see that her and Frl. Mayr like to have small conversations of tails about their neighbours. Bobby, the flirtatious bar worker, is very cheeky and explores intimate aspects with Frl. Schroeder as he slaps her behind. He explores the characteristic’s of Frl. Kost next and we see that she is a prostitute. Her best customer is Japanese and doesn’t speak much English, but her days and nights are spent in his company.

Isherwood’s next occurrence is with Sally Bowles with whom he meets through a friend. The pairs relationship develops to a special brotherly-sister bond, despite the age gape between the two. She is very open with Isherwood about her previous and current affairs and lets him know that she is an ideal women for success and should appear over anyone else. As a women and due to her past, she doesn’t want to allow herself to fall in love with him, with the huge chance of disappointment and spoiling their friendship. Over the course of the chapter Sally discovers she is carrying a baby with whom she thought a future lied with ahead. Isherwood puts her first and helps Sally to get an abortion without telling the father of the child.

After an unexpected fight, Sally needs Isherwood’s help and calls him for this. However, she makes the unexplainable mistake of sleeping with and accepting the marriage proposal of a young sixteen year old. Isherwood accompanies her to the police station to report the crime.

When the summer season appeared, Isherwood went away to make his novel and his completion of this his priority. He has decided to stay with a homosexual couple (Peter and Otto) who are struggling with this positioning in society due to the regime made by the Nazi Party. The couple fight and argue due to Otto’s flirtatious and confusing choices made at a dance. Due to the argumentative background with the couple, Otto leaves to stay in Berlin and Peter vacates to England, leaving Isherwood lonely with no company (leaving him with no choice but to move back to Germany.

Isherwood lands himself in some bad decisions and realises he must live with Otto’s family, the Nowaks. Isherwood struggles and strongly dislikes their living conditions as well as dealing with the families argumentative background and characteristics. Otto and Frau Nowak usually fight and disagree, leading Otto to tease Frau Nowak about Grete, his sister, and Lothar who is his brother. The leader in the household, Frau Nowak gets news that she must be sent away to have help for her illness. She fears a big disagreement may occur, causing disturbance. However, Otto finds himself in a critical condition as he wants to take his own life. Isherwood leaves soon after and accompanies Otto to visit his mother.

Due to problematic occurrences with the Nazi’s and Jews, Isherwood wants to write and check up upon Frau Landauer so he can ask to visit her (knowing that she was victimised). Isherwood meets their daughter, Natalia who is eighteen, and cousin Bernhard. Due to Isherwood’s restrictions with opening up to others she becomes angry and frustrated that he is not sharing with her how he feels. Bernard and Isherwood grow so much closer throughout the duration of the story and begin to open up to one another. Shockingly, she begins to get death threats in the mail. Leaving Berlin for the final time leaved Isherwood in shock as he realises that Bernard is dead and that this is being covered up, suspicions develop due to press releases with the Nazi’s.

Isherwood leaves for a final tour of everywhere that Fritz Wendel, in particular, likes to visit. When sad to be leaving he ‘shares anecdotes about the people and places he would be leaving behind when he finally decides to leave Berlin for good’. The targets and believes made by the Nazi Party have almost been completed and Hitler has come to power. Due to his disconnection with Germany, he fears and is frightened of the state his friends may be in as well as the country.

Chapters within Isherwood’s Novel:

1. A Berlin Diary (Autumn 1930)
2. Sally Bowles
3. On Ruegen Island (Summer 1931)
4. The Nowaks
5. The Landauers
6. A Berlin Diary (Winter 1932–3

Reviews of the novel: (WIKIPEDIA 2019, REVIEW CENTRE 2009,

George Orwell: “brilliant sketches of a society in decay”.

Paul Bowles, the author and composer, suggests that Isherwood, whom he met in Berlin, may have borrowed his surname for the character Sally Bowles.

Written on: 26/10/2009 by dhayes22: “It’s deeply funny and richly observed and it’s exactly as you would imagine someone living in Germany before the war to be thinking about things. One of my favourite books”

“First published in 1939, Goodbye to Berlin is a brilliant evocation of the decadence and repression, glamour and sleaze of Berlin society in the 1930’s – the time when Hitler slowly starts his move to power. It is inhabited by a wealth of characters: the unforgettable and divinely decadent Sally Bowles; plump Fräulein Schroeder, Peter and Otto, a gay couple struggling to come to terms with their relationship; and the distinguished and doomed Jewish family, the Landauers.” (OF BOOKS 2019)

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CABARET

A summary of Cabaret, developed into my own terms:

‘Cabaret’ is set in the time frame of 1929-30, a time in which Germany was facing some critical economical, social and political issues. Specifically as the show is set in Berlin, the capital of Germany, the country are facing major economic depression* after the First World War. This was also the time in which governmental problems occurred with the Nazi’s and their Right Wing’s regime and rise up to holding the power in Germany.

‘Clifford Bradshaw’, the intellectual traveller from America, who is also an aspiring writer who seeks creativity for his next novel, enters a Kit Kat Klub due to being new to the area and unaware of his new surroundings where he is spotted by the gender-bending host (‘The Master Of Ceremonies/Emcee’). At this point, Cliff Bradshaw bumps into ‘Sally Bowles’, the British Cabaret Singer and Burlesque dancer, at this specific Club. The pair begin to learn more about one another and establish a connected relationship in which blooms into an in-depth love (completely unexpected by all).

‘Clifford Bradshaw’ uses his skills to his power and begins to run tutoring sessions in which he helps and encourages those of the German language to develop their knowledge of the English Culture. This is where he makes his first Client and friend ‘Ernst Ludwig’, a German Dialect who later reveals himself as a member of the Nazi Party, who also leads him onto meeting ‘Herr Schultz’ who is also boarding in the same residence as ‘Cliff’ under ‘Fraulein Schneider’s’ guidance. As well as holding the title of her Fiancé unfortunately he is the victim of Anti-Semitic hate crimes.

It is soon revealed after Sally and Cliff’s love affair that she is now pregnant. Cliff feels that he cannot handle this and must flee straight away to where he came from. Sally, who is about to be left in the dark, feeling very frightened and unaware decides that she does not want to leave her Cabaret, burlesque and sexy lifestyle and takes it upon herself to get an abortion. Cliff is shocked but is told that he must leave without her whilst she faces the consequences (STAGE AGENT, DATE NOT STATED).

The original included songs throughout the show: (WIKIPEDIA 2019)

Act One “Willkommen” – Emcee and Company “So What?” – Fräulein Schneider “Telephone Song/Telephone Dance” – Cliff and Company “Don’t Tell Mama” – Sally and the Kit Kat Girls “Mein Herr” – Sally “Perfectly Marvelous” – Sally and Cliff “Two Ladies” – Emcee and Two Ladies “It Couldn’t Please Me More (A Pineapple)” – Fräulein Schneider and Herr Schultz “Tomorrow Belongs to Me” – Nazi Youth/Waiters/Emcee “Why Should I Wake Up?” – Cliff “Don’t Go” – Cliff “Maybe This Time” – Sally “Sitting Pretty” – Emcee and Girls “Money” – Emcee and Company “Married” – Herr Schultz and Fräulein Schneider “Meeskite” – Herr Schultz and Sally “Tomorrow Belongs to Me” (Reprise) – Fräulein Kost, Ernst Ludwig and Company

Act Two “Entr’acte” / “Kickline” – Emcee and Girls “Married” (Reprise) – Herr Schultz “If You Could See Her (The Gorilla Song)” – Emcee “What Would You Do?” – Fräulein Schneider “I Don’t Care Much” – Emcee “Cabaret” – Sally “Willkommen (Reprise)” / “Finale Ultimo” – Emcee, Cliff, and Company

Adaptations and changes to the songs/performance overtime: (WIKIPEDIA 2019)

• The “Telephone Song” was no longer included in the performance and was replaced by “Mein Heir” in the remakes of 1998, 2012, and 2014.
• In the versions of 1998 and 2014, Bobby replaced one of the ladies in “Two Ladies”
• “Tomorrow Belongs to Me” was changed from a group number in 1998 and 2014 to a recording of a young boy using a gramophone, finalised by the Emcee speaking the last words.
• “Maybe This Time”, a song only included in the original film was added in the versions of 1998, 2012, and 2014.
• “Money”, a number only first used in the film was blended with “Sitting Pretty” in the 1987 revival, then replaced this in the 1998 and 2014 revivals.
• After two English verses, for the 1998 production, Fräulein Kost sang the film’s German translation of “Married.
• “Meeskite” was disregarded in the 1987, 1998, 2012, and 2014 revivals.
• “Married (Reprise)” was removed in 2012.
• The number “I Don’t Care Much” was added for the 1987, 1998, 2012, and 2014 remakes.

Characters in the musical:

Sally Bowles: a sexy and flirtatious British Cabaret Singer and Burlesque Dancer who    is a member of the Kit Kat Klub. Sally is an extremely outgoing and confident character who is very forward with men of the area. However, behind all of that she is also living with the deeper reality as a Cabaret Dancer as well as not wanting to face the consequences of life as she gets herself in some tricky situations throughout the show.

Clifford Bradshaw: an American Tutor and aspiring Novelist who has just travelled to Berlin. Clifford is shown in the show to be unaware of his relationship status preferences, he is shown to be Mid 20’s-30’s and walks into the Kit Kat Klub meeting ‘Sally Bowles’. Clifford and Sally began to adapt an unexpected love affair in which complications reveal.

Fraulein Schneider, the 50-60 year old Lady,  is the German Landlady of the property in which many characters in the play either rent out or visit. The matured lady has a very obvious love interest and relationship with Herr Schultz. However, due to the political and governmental standings, they are not allowed to commence with anything further, for the communist’s parties reasonings.

Herr Schultz: a 50 year old Jewish Man living in Berlin. However, he is specifically living and renting a flat in Fraulein Schneider’s building, the women in which he wishes to have a relationship with. However, due to his background and personal aspects the pair cannot pursue anything further, which he is devastated by. He is the owner of a fruit shop and this is regularly referenced with gifts and properties.

Fraulein Kost is another character renting a room in Fraulein Schneider’s building. The character is portrayed as being very wealthy and with a good income. The German Female is also seen using this income to offer sailors favours and small jobs, she is seen to be losing a lot of these and not having a stable and reliant business as such.

Ernst Ludwig is a very friendly, kind and likeable character. The man is Cliff Bradshaw’s first client in which he receives English Lessons to help Cliff play his rent. The character is however revealed to be not what people expected as he shows himself to be a Nazi.

BOBBY, VICTOR, HERMAN, HANS, LULU, ROSIE, FRENCHIE, FRITZIE, HELGA, MAX AND SAILOR.

Contrasting clips from the opening of the show (new revivals):

1966, 1972 & 1998

• Find out as much information as you can about the performance style you will be working in? What are the key features of this style? What will you need to emphasise / work on to pull off this style effectively? How are you going to use this information to develop your own performance in your production?

The style and movements of Cabaret develop from an influential Musical Theatre background of dancer and choreographer Bob Fosse. Robert Louis Fosse was born on June 23rd 1927 in Illinois, Chicago specifically. The American director, choreographer and dancer passed away in the year of 1987 on September 23rd in Washington due to a sudden heart attack. The performer was known for his extraordinary and very specific style of movement which revolutionised certain aspects to Musical Theatre history. The dancer began his career at a very young age and trained at various dance schools, giving him the professional title at just thirteen years old. After a longer assignment, the performer moved to New York in 1947 and looked into training as an actor at American Theatre Wing (ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA 2019)

Dance career: (BIOGRAPHY 2019)

His first few Broadway debuts were as a part of the chorus, appearing in the  MGM movie musical called ‘Kiss Me Kate’ in 1953. This gained him attention from both director and choreographer George Abbott and Jerome Robbins.

Fosse began to choreograph more professionally and worked on the George Abbott production of the ‘Pajama Game’ in 1954. He used a lot of his own new and developed style in which he gained large fame and attention and his very first Tony Award, for best choreography.

The next musical Fosse worked on gaining him huge success was ‘Damn Yankees’. He met his wife here whom with he had a child called Nicole. His wife was worked as a lead dancer, this also helped the pairs career.

When his success had dramatically increased by 1960, he began to face criticism from other companies and people in the industry, quoting him as ‘too suggestive’. He carried on producing as both a director and choreographer to help is career to continue to flourish. His next biggest hits included Cabaret, Sweet Charity and Pippin.

Bob Fosse’s dance style was a very individual and unique style and form of jazz dancing. After he grew up in Cabaret night club’s his style grew very sexually suggestive and his three main dance trademarks included turned-in knees, sideways shuffling, and rolled shoulders.

The clip below shows us all about Bob Fosse’s career, legacy and work. It includes words from Fosse himself and those he has creatively worked with previously:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7uIPkwCYxKU&t=45s

‘The 1972 film version of Cabaret (1972) won eight Academy Awards’.

Awards won by Bob Fosse (IMDb DNS)

1973: OSCAR WINNER (best director, Cabaret 1972)

1973: PRIMETIME EMMY WINNER (Outstanding Single Program – Variety and Popular Music, shared with Fred Ebb and Liza Minnelli / Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Comedy, Variety or Music / Outstanding Achievement in Choreography)

1973: BAFTA WINNER (Best Direction Cabaret, 1972)

1973: BODIL WINNER (Best Non-European Film)

1973: DAVID WINNER (Best Foreign Director)

1976: BLUE RIBBON AWARD WINNER (Best Foreign Language Film
Lenny, 1974)

1978: SANT JORDI WINNER (Best Foreign Film)

1980: PALME D’OR WINNER (All That Jazz 1979)

1981: BODIL WINNER (Best Non-European Film, All That Jazz 1979.

1994: HERRITAGE AWARD WINNER

As college performers, to pull off this style and execute this all accurately for success we will be needing to research and develop our content. Bob Fosse was very iconic and lots of his details and information about his developed Jazz/musical theatre movement is online for us to view. Compare and contrast is going to be a key feature for us as a cast to look at our work in comparison to his previous works/videos of other companies performances. Those of us partaking in the production are all studying on a performance related course, meaning that we are aware of all elements needed to pull off and give a positive and successful performance in the style we have been given to develop and perform at the end of term.

Examples of online videos in this style of performance:

Typical 1930’s hair and makeup:  These images show us that as a performer, before putting on a show which is set and based in the 1930’s, we need to be researching what the basic ideas would’ve been for hair and makeup setting in this time period. This will also give us ideas, as musical theatre performers, as to what we should be looking at when researching how we want out hair and makeup to be portrayed and link to our character.

Additionally, costume is something which will strongly link to our character’s setting, background and personality. It is very important that these are related to the time period and location of our character as well as fitting in with our age and what we want to all achieve.

Here are photos of the hair/makeup looks I am going to hope to achieve:

Personally, I believe that these would benefit the style we are trying to achieve as well as keeping in with the time period of the show. They will enhance our characters as well as that we are performing in the Kit Kat Klub. However, this will also enable us to find individuality.

My costume choices:

 

I’m personally very happy with all of my research carried out so far. I believe that this is tailored to the background of the performance and shows how everything links together for progress and a strong outcome in this business. I also have gathered a strong amount of knowledge on the show itself (as well as those involved), giving me a stronger amount of information when developing my character throughout the show. This will also increase my accuracy and strength behind my movement and decisions as I will have the required reasonings alongside them. Additionally, this may also benefit my confidence as I will hopefully be performing with more knowledge about the show and those related in the profession.

• Find out as much as you can about the period YOUR production is set in (not the orginal setting); what was going on in the world, what was important to them, how did their society work etc. Why will this research help you with your own performance?

(WIKIPEDIA 2019)

23 January – ‘The Nazi Party gains its first minister as Wilhelm Frick becomes Minister of the Interior and Education in Thuringia as part of a right-wing coalition administration:’

• The Nazi’s, also known as the National Socialist German Workers’ Party (NSDAP) were a right wing, very far, political party in whom were mostly active from 1920-1945. The party were well known for their supporting terms of fascism and Nazism in which they created to draw people away from the ideas of communism which were rapidly spreading. Throughout their uprising and reign they wanted to make their focuses purely on anti-Semitic ideas only (to be prejudice and to discriminate against any Jews). The original founder and leader of this party was Anton Drexter. However, in 1921 Adolf Hitler took over the leading of the party and carried this himself until the mid 1940’s. To withhold and protect the race they were in favour of, the Aryan race, those with physical traits of blue eyes and blonde hair, they largely discriminated anyone else including: Jews, Homosexuals, Africans, etc.
• Wilhelm Frick was a politician and prominent member to the Nazi’s and their party. He served as the Reich Minister for the Hitler Cabinet, in which formed the government for Nazi Germany. He was the man in which became the minister in Thuringia, a state in Germany, in which was a part of the plan for the coalition administration for the party.

27 March – The government of Hermann Müller collapses.

• Hermann Muller, a Social Democratic politician who has served the country twice as its Chancellor and withheld the position as a foreign minister, giving him the rights in 1919 to be one of the signatures on the Treaty Of Versailles in 1919, the year after WW1 ended.

30 March – A right of centre minority government takes office under Heinrich Brüning.

• Heinrich Bruning was the chancellor of Germany between 1930 and 1932 and served as a politician and academic for the German Centre Party. However, a smaller government took office under him in late March 1930.

22 June – The growth of the Nazi Party continues as they become the second biggest party in the Landtag of Saxony.

• By the 22nd of June 1930, the Nazi party had significantly grew in size and officially became the second biggest party in the Landtag of Saxony which is the legislative body of the German State of Saxony. This means that they grasped the rights to make new rules and laws for the political entity, specifically in the state of Saxony which is the tenth largest of all Germany’s states.

30 June – The French Army withdraws its troops from the Rhineland.

• The Rhineland is an area in Germany which is loosely defined and in Western Germany, specifically along the Rhine and set in the middle of this area. The French Army had sent their troops here to make one of their first invasions of Germany. However, due to little success and progress they decided to withdraw their Army from this area.

16 July – The government invokes Presidential Decree in order to force through its economic reforms.

• Reform: make changes in (something, especially an institution or practice) in order to improve it (ENGLISH DICTIONARY 2019)
• Economic: relating to economics or the economy (ENGLISH DICTIONARY 2019)
• Decree: “a rule of law usually issued by a head of state (such as the president of a republic or a monarch), according to certain procedures (usually established in a constitution). It has the force of law. The particular term used for this concept may vary from country to country” (WIKIPEDIA 2019)

To make their way through any changes, which are in place to improve the structure and format of the country, the government calls upon a head of state in whom has great power with the rule of laws. They do this to help their survival and possible success with the economic reforms being made.

18 July – The Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) force through a vote against the rule by decree resulting in the dissolution of the Reichstag and new elections.

• SPD: a social democratic party in Germany.
• Dissolution: the action of formally ending or dismissing an assembly, partnership, or official body.

Due to the Social Democratic party in Germany forcing some votes through, no more new elections could go forward. This was formally dismissed as well as the Reichstag at this time.

July – The German State Party is formed by a merger of the German Democratic Party and the Young German Order.

• The German State Party was a very short living political party in the Weimar Republic. It was the joining of both the GDP and the Young German Order.
• The Weimar Republic was “the German republic of 1919–33, so called because its constitution was drawn up at Weimar. The republic was faced with huge reparation costs deriving from the Treaty of Versailles as well as soaring inflation and high unemployment. The 1920s saw a growth in support for right-wing groups and the Republic was eventually overthrown by the Nazi Party of Adolf Hitler” (ENGLISH DICTIONARY 2019)

13 August – The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Berlin is established.

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese in Berlin was a Roman Catholic district in which an Archbishop was now in charge. This was established on this day.

14 September – The federal election sees the SPD remain as the biggest party but with the Nazis jumping into second place. Smaller gains are enjoyed by the Communist Party of Germany, the Christian-National Peasants’ and Farmers’ Party and the Centre Party whilst the main losers are the German National People’s Party and the German People’s Party.

• On this day, the Nazi Party gained 18.5% of the vote and they moved into second place. They still lay behind the SPD but are slowly working their way up. This was a huge step and showed Germany that this party had dangerous potential for their future as a country.

Other contributing events:

The Wall Street Crash and The Great Depression (BBC BITESIZE 2019)

The Wall Street Crash was when the American stock market crashed towards the end of 1929. This happened on ‘Black Tuesday’ when 16 million shares were sold on this particular market leading to a collapse in the economy. When this could not be turned around, America found themselves in ‘The Great Depression’ by 1930.

Why did the Wall Street Crash happen / what were the contributing factors to this as an outcome?

• “Overproduction and under-consumption in agriculture”

Due to new and improved ways of farming, more food and production was being released. However, due to the developments with food changing (tastes), the demand for grain in the USA fell.

Europe also was in less need for food, their demandments fell as they were now growing their own and a Tariff war unravelled.

Overproduction meant that the price rates fell.

Farmers, up to thousands, found themselves falling into debts and could not pay any further transactions (such as mortgages) leading to their unemployment. This also meant that they had to sell their farms or have a forced eviction. 5 years before the ‘Wall Street Crash’, 600,000 farmers lost their land.

Due to different areas and issues within, the Sharecroppers in the South were evicted when White-Owned farms were suffering financially.

• “Overproduction and under-consumption of consumer goods”

Towards the beginning of the ‘Wall Street Crash’ consumer goods were not being sold at the same rate of their making (leaving a negative effect).

Those who could afford many items, such as Cars and household gadgets, were those who had already brought or made purchases of these. However, those who were placed on a lower wage and income could not afford these goods.

This meant workers were laid off and had lost their jobs temporarily which reduced the demand for goods even further.

• “Protectionism”

America had moved onto new ideas of selling their goods in Europe. But, the Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act 1922 led to the European countries imposing their tariffs on the goods of America. This meant that the American goods were too expensive and led to a major decrease in the trade between Europe and the USA.

• “Laissez-faire”

This policy now meant that there was not enough safe guarding happening in the economy, this was mostly happening on the stock market and the banks, which were not regulated anyway.

There was a greater number of smaller banks in America in comparison to the larger banks. However, these ones were unstable and did not have the resources to be able to grab and find money when the crash happened.

Some customers could not retrieve money due to the banks closing before the crash happened.

• “Debt increasing”

A lot of Americans began to buy goods on a hire purchase. In the end, this meant that money was owed to credit companies and shops. When trying to pay of their debts, this created financial difficulties for everyone.

During the early 1920’s, household prices increased majorly. But, after 1926, the prices of homes fell and some were owning houses that were worth less than what they were paying.

How did this lead to the depression?

1. Land Prices collapsed in Florida
2. Too many goods were being produced and brought at a lower rate
3. The farmers were producing too much food early on in the 1920’s, this impacted their prices negatively.
4. Too many small banks over large, without the funds to make quick transactions.
5. There was an increase in speculation on the market and the Middle class suffered from this.
6. The Wall Street Crash impacted the country psychologically.
7. America gave sums of money to the European countries and when the market collapsed wanted these loans back, impacting the European economy.
8. The collapse of European banks caused a general world financial crisis.

Smaller results:

• Big business and banking all collapsed
• Business lost confidence
• Unemployment rose
• Homelessness occurred
• Lower wages and longer hours
• Farmers were left in bad positions

I have personally found this research very intriguing and helpful. This has given me the opportunity to find more about the political status of the country and what they may have been going through when ‘Cabaret’ was set. This will help my character development and interaction more than anything as they will be experiencing and feeling very in-depth emotions. We will see more about how this unfolds when the performance is developed.

• Find out about your character. What motivates them? (We recommend using Uta Hagens 9 questions as a way in to understanding your character in an in depth and useful way).

Who am I?  

My character is called ‘Shelley Nightingale’. She is twenty years old and has been working in the Kit Kat Klub for just over a year. She is a very flirtatious and confident character within the club and loves to be bonding with and meeting new people. Shelley is a petite young dancer, who liked to do this in her spare time as a younger child. She is a darker blonde with tight small curls, obsessed with the colour pink within her makeup traits.

Growing up through the end of her teenage years she faced some tough times, in which leaves her very frustrated as she could not do anything to stop this. These were all majorly related to the government and the political issues in which have developed and occurred. She wishes that she could do something to stop the uprising of the ‘Nazi Party’ and the issues that they have been creating in Berlin. This is something which is very close to her heart due to the beliefs of her brother. Her younger brother ‘Danny Nightingale’ is homosexual, putting him in a dangerous perspective to the uprising of the ‘National Socialist German Workers’ Party’.

She auditioned for the Klub early last year after seeing an advertisement on the street of Berlin, days after her parents fled abroad (when her and her younger brother were old enough to look after themselves). She enjoys her time in the Klub and is there to show acceptance and to prove a point to the community that everywhere in Berlin should be a safe and a place of acceptance to everyone in community.

What time is it?

Specifically we are in the new years time period, transitioning from 1930 into 1931. This was a crucial time in history for Berlin and Germany as a whole as the ‘Nazi Party’ (‘National Socialist German Workers’ Party’) were on the uprise and everything politically was changing, impacting and resulting in a very unstable community.

 Where am I?

I am currently and spend most of my time in the Kit Kat Klub, placed in the middle of Berlin. It is very close to my home and the NorllendorfPlatz. Due to my career and how much time I spend at work, I am mostly and will normally be found here.

What surrounds me?

The Klub itself and the streets of Berlin at this time were very dark. I am surrounded by everyone in the Klub, a place of freedom and expressionism as well as politically being surrounded by all governmental problems and occurrences. There is a lot of controversy throughout a Germany and with the uprising of the new political party. However, this mainly effected the main streets of Germany. We are very lucky, the Klub is secluded and a solid place for equality and acceptance.

What are my circumstances?

PAST: My character previously worked in a very small shop, on the corner of a very unpopular street in Berlin. I received this job at the age of 16 and worked here for approximately a year 1/2. However, due to being unsatisfied with the political state of the community, seeing the auditions for Klub meant that I had the opportunity to support what I thought was right within society. I grew up very happily with my family in Berlin and hope to empower the rights within what we are democratically wishing for.

PRESENT: Unfortunately, as Shelley is working in the Klub, she is also made aware that her brother is no longer at home and has been moved away by the ‘Nazi Party’. This encourages her confident and flirtatious behaviour as she is not prepared to watch Germany fall into negativity. Due to now living alone, the Klub is also a place for my character to feel safe, with the ‘Nazi Party’ now receiving places and rights within Parliament. She works 6/7 days in the week and tries to constantly stay busy and find company, to spend her time with.

FUTURE: My character enjoys her time spent at the Klub and hopes to see her career blossom. She prays for success with politics and hopes that equality and safety will end on top. I wish for safety for anyone in danger and will continue to support everyone around the Klub and anyone’s personal feelings.

What are my relationships?

In the Klub I have no personal love relationships. I am a very friendly character and can see been as very flirtatious with most people in the Klub. I will hold a conversation with anybody and hope for a love relationship to blossom in the future. I was very close with my family, but am distancing due to us being split apart for a longer amount of time than wished for.

What Do I want?

I wish for a change in community and society. I hope that my brother and I will be reunited and he will return safe. However, for this to happen there needs to be major changes in society and a democratic ruling. I wish to support everyone’s thoughts in the community and develop my career as a successful Cabaret performer.

What’s in my way?

The uprising of the ‘The National Socialist German Workers’ Party’. They are making their place in parliament and becoming very well known for their specific ideas and ways. Their success is decreasing my chances of moving forward and helping those who have been targeted and picked upon.

How do I get what I want?

To get what I want would be very hard, due to the rights and the success of the party I will not be able to do this alone. However, it is good to hold my positions in the Klub and stick up for what I believe is right and healthy.

• Find out about the potential physicality of your character. How do they sit, stand, move? Are they relaxed, tense, energetic, sluggish? How do you know this? How are you going to use this information to develop your performance?

Due to my characters feelings and why she has taken this position in the Klub, I believe that she will be very tense and confident with her choices of bodily movement. As well as this, she will sit and hold herself with confidence, walk with her shoulders back and head held high.

I know that my character would behave this way in the Klub due to her reasonings for wanting to perform in the Klub, underneath her passions for performance. I am going to use this to develop my dancing and posture, to how the audience all the different sides to Shelley and to portray what I am wishing for with the future society of Berlin.

As reflected on in my ‘Evaluation and Reflection Page’, I found this aspect of research most helpful. It was a feature which developed my in-depth characteristics and helped me to think about and discover what I would have been going through in the 1930’s. I feel that without this stage, my performance wouldn’t have been as strong and aspects would have been missing when developing the idea of ‘Individualism’.

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Definitions:

‘The United States Air Force (USAF) is the aerial and space warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces. It is one of the five branches of the United States Armed Forces, and one of the seven American uniformed services. The USAF is the largestand most technologically advanced air force in the world.’

‘The American Theatre Wing (the Wing for short) is a New York City-based organization dedicated to supporting excellence and education in theatre, according to its mission statement. The ATW created and sponsors the Tony Awards in theatrical arts.’

Revue: a light theatrical entertainment consisting of a series of short sketches, songs, and dances, typically dealing satirically with topical issues (ENGLISH DICTIONARY 2019)

Altercation: a noisy argument or disagreement, especially in public (ENGLISH DICTIONARY 2019)

Tumultuous: making a loud, confused noise; uproarious / excited, confused, or disorderly (ENGLISH DICTIONARY 2019)

Prohibition: the action of forbidding something, especially by law (ENGLISH DICTIONARY 2019)

Tariff War: Tariff War usually refers to the war in trade tariffs that countries levy upon each other so as to discourage exports from one another and create trade benefits for self (EMBASKOOL 2019)

“Laid Off” is the term given for somebody who loses his/her job temporarily or permanently (INFORMORY 2019)

Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act 1922: the Fordney–McCumber Tariff Act was signed by President Harding. These raised tariffs to levels higher than any previously in American history in an attempt to bolster the post-war economy, protect new war industries, and aid farmers (SPARTACUS EDUCATIONAL 2019)

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SOURCES:

• WIKIPEDIA (2019) ‘Cabaret (musical)’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret_(musical)
• WIKIPEDIA (2019), ‘Joe Masteroff’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Masteroff
• WIKIPEDIA (2019), ‘United States Air Force’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Air_Force
• WIKIPEDIA (2019), ‘American Theatre Wing’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Theatre_Wing
• ALL MUSIC (2019), ‘John Kander, Biography by Jason Ankeny’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.allmusic.com/artist/john-kander-mn0000026398
• ALL MUSIC (2019), ‘Fredd Ebb, Biography by Jason Ankeny’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.allmusic.com/artist/fred-ebb-mn0000092954
• WIKIPEDIA (2013), ‘Category:Musicals by Kander and Ebb’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Musicals_by_Kander_and_Ebb
• IMDb (2019), ‘Awards’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0247939/awards
• WIKIPEDIA (2018), ‘John Van Druten’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Van_Druten
• WIKIPEDIA (2019), ‘Christopher Isherwood’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Isherwood#Works
• ENCYCLOPÆDIA BRITANNICA (2019), ‘ Christopher Isherwood British-American author’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Christopher-Isherwood-British-American-author
• WIKIPEDIA (2019), ‘I Am A Camera’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_a_Camera
• WIKIPEDIA (2019), ‘Plot’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Am_a_Camera_(film)#Plot
• WIKIPEDIA (2019), ‘Goodbye To Berlin’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goodbye_to_Berlin
• REVIEW CENTRE (2009), ‘Christopher Isherwood, Goodbye To Berlin Review’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.reviewcentre.com/review586945.html
• THE GUARDIAN (2019), ‘Radio Review: Goodbye To Berlin’, Accessed May 2019 /  Available here: https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2010/oct/04/goodbye-to-berlin-christopher-isherwood-radio-review
• OF BOOKS (2019), ‘Review: Goodbye to Berlin by Christopher Isherwood’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://ofbooks.org/2014/03/10/review-goodbye-to-berlin-by-christopher-isherwood/
• SUPER SUMMARY (2019), ‘Goodbye To Berlin Summary & Study Guide’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: http://www.supersummary.com/goodbye-to-berlin/summary/
• GOOD READS (DNS), ‘I Am a Camera’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/118356.I_Am_a_Camera
• CHICAGO READER (DNS), ‘I AM A CAMERA National Jewish Theatre’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.chicagoreader.com/chicago/i-am-a-camera/Content?oid=874704
• STAGE AGENT (DATE NOT STATED) ‘The Leading Resource For Theatre Artists’, Accessed April 2019 / Available here: https://stageagent.com/shows/musical/323/cabaret
• WIKIPEDIA (2019), ‘Songs’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cabaret_(musical)#Songs
• IMDb (DNS), ‘Bob Fosse Awards’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0002080/awards
• ENCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA (2019) ‘Bob Fosse American choreographer and director’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Bob-Fosse
• WIKIPEDIA (2019), ‘Decree’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decree
• WIKIPEDIA (2019), ‘1930 In Germany’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1930_in_Germany
• EMBASKOOL (2019), ‘Tariff War Definition’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.mbaskool.com/business-concepts/finance-accounting-economics-terms/10868-tariff-war.html
• INFORMORY (2019), ‘What is Laid Off’?’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: http://infomory.com/what-is/what-is-laid-off/
• SPARTACUS EDUCATIONAL (2019), ‘Fordney-McCumber Act’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://spartacus-educational.com/Fordney-McCumber.htm
• BBC BITESIZE (2019), ‘The Wall Street Crash, 1929’, Accessed May 2019 / Available here: https://www.bbc.com/bitesize/guides/zxhpb82/revision/4

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Research UAL definition: The ability to select, edit, interpret and respond to relevant material in support of lines of enquiry, and the level of initiative, commitment, personal responsibility and resourcefulness demonstrated in developing and progressing identified goals

Fail Little or no evidence presented or information does not relate sufficiently to task.

Pass Sufficient relevant information has been gathered, documented and used in the development of ideas.

Merit Thorough and sustained research and investigation of relevant sources, interpretation and synthesis of information used to inform, support and develop ideas.

Distinction  Independently identified, thorough and sustained research and investigation of a range of relevant sources, insightful interpretation and synthesis of information used to inform, support and develop ideas.

The above statements show how evidence for this final unit will be assessed.